EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Abstract

Retaining walls are constructed to retain filled earth with greater height. They are used in rail and road projects where earth filling is required or road level especially in bridges. In buildings if basements are provided retaining walls are required. Wing walls and abutments are also acting as retaining walls to release unnecessary water pressure building up during rainy season, weep holes are provided in the retaining walls at the top on back fill and in front of retaining wall longitudinal drains are provided.Back filling near retaining wall is with broken stone gravels or sand so that drainage in is improved and water pressure on walls is released. A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil.A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall, They are used to bound soils of two different elevations in areas of possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses, But the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top and are cantilevered from a footing,rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the reverse side. The walls must resist the lateral pressures